Cheng, and 7 co-authors, reported in 2017 that a pilot-scale biofilter treating groundwater was developed, which showed that ammonia, iron and manganese were mainly removed at 0.4, 0.4 and 0.8 m of the filter bed, respectively, and the corresponding removal efficiencies were 90.82%, 95.48% and 95.90% in steady phase, respectively. The variation of microbial populations in the biofilter during start-up process was also investigated using high-throughput pyro-sequencing (HTP).
Results indicated that the main functional microbes for ammonia, iron and manganese removal were Nitrosomonas, Crenothrix and Methylotenera(?), respectively, which was mainly distributed at 0.8, 0, and 0.8 m of the filter bed with a corresponding abundance of 8.7%, 28.12% and 11.33% in steady phase, respectively. Kinds of other bacteria which may be related to methane, hydrogen sulfide and organic matter removal, were also found. In addition, small part of archaea was also detected, such as Candidatus Nitrososphaera, which plays a role in nitritation.
The authors concluded that in the steady phase of the start-up process, ammonia, iron and manganese were removed at the upper part of the filter bed. AOB, NOB, AOA, IOB, IOA, MnOB which were related to ammonia, iron and manganese removal, and kinds of other bacteria which may be related to methane, hydrogen sulfide and organic matter removal, were found in the biofilter treating groundwater.
The spatial distribution of microbial populations along the depth of the biofilter revealed the stratification of the removal of ammonia, iron and manganese. The variation of spatial distribution of microbial populations in the biofilter revealed the increasing efficiencies of ammonia, iron and manganese removal during start-up process.
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