Martin Armstrong reports that the research conducted by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies "emphasizes a broad study of global change, which is an interdisciplinary initiative addressing natural and man-made changes in our environment". Part of this involves recording the surface temperature of the planet's land and oceans and, as this chart shows, the trend over the last century has been one of increase. In 1918, the global annual average temperature was -0.30°C, one hundred years later it is now +0.85°C - an increase of 1.15°C and a significant step towards what has been described by UN Secretary General António Guterres as the 'point of no return' on climate change.
