Konstantin Batygin and Michael E. Brown report that recent analyses have shown that distant orbits within the scattered disk population of the Kuiper Belt exhibit an unexpected clustering in their respective arguments of perihelion. While several hypotheses have been put forward to explain this alignment, to date, a theoretical model that can successfully account for the observations remains elusive. In this paper, they show that the orbits of distant Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) cluster not only in argument of perihelion, but also in physical space. They demonstrated that the perihelion positions and orbital planes of the objects are tightly confined and that such a clustering has only a probability of 0.007% to be due to chance, thus requiring a dynamical origin. They also found that the observed orbital alignment can be maintained by a distant eccentric planet with mass more than Earth, whose orbit lies in approximately the same plane as those of the distant KBOs, but whose perihelion is 180 degrees away from the perihelia of the minor bodies.
In addition to accounting for the observed orbital alignment, the existence of such a planet naturally explains the presence of high perihelion Sedna-like objects, as well as the known collection of high semi-major axis objects with inclinations between 60 degrees and 150 degrees whose origin was previously unclear. Continued analysis of both distant and highly inclined outer solar system objects provides the opportunity for testing our hypothesis as well as further constraining the orbital elements and mass of the distant planet. The reason it is important to find and characterize any large planetary body is that its position among the KBOs may be responsible for sending a number of asteroids or comets toward Earth. They will need time to react.
Also see a Scientific American article below .... http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strong-evidence-suggests-a-super-earth-lies-beyond-pluto1/?WT.mc_id=SA_WR_20160127
Original URL not working: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/0004-6256/151/2/22/pdf
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