Muon tomography is a spinoff from particle physics by studying the magma chambers of active volcanoes. But it is also a new tool for geophysical mineral exploration. Other possible applications:
Monitoring carbon sequestration
Monitoring water seepage
Identifying voids
Archeology investigations
Monitoring nuclear waste and reactors
Scanning for contraband nuclear materials
A successful field trial has been performed. Muon geotomography imaged a known massive sulfide deposit in a complex geological environment. Inverted 3D density images of the deposit are similar to a model derived from drill data. Limitations arise from inversion ambiguities, access locations, and statistics
Borehole detectors are being developed.