Gravity and magnetic geophysical methods are passive. They rely on no controlled sources but seek out naturally occurring variations in the earths gravity and magnetic fields. For this reason, some military uses of these surveys have long included quiet detection of submarines and volatile unexploded munitions. Metamorphosed, igneous and polydeformed rocks, which are common subjects of mineral exploration, can be far more complicated than the stratified rocks examined in the search for oil and gas.
Hard-rock geology presents an explorer with a mind-boggling array of lithologic, metamorphic and structural features, which can host an equally mind-boggling variety of mineral deposits and generate very complex patterns of geophysical anomalies. In areas with a polyphase deformational and igneous and metamorphic history, a simple geophysical model may be impossible to construct. Each locality and each deposit is different, necessitating detailed field mapping and varied geophysical surveys.
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