We live in an era with unparalleled opportunities to practice disease prevention based on knowledge of the earth environment. Although globally distributed early warning systems can monitor physical hazards such as earthquakes and tsunamis, chemical hazards on the other hand whether actual or potential and natural or anthropogenically induced remain difficult to accurately identify in time and space. Such hazards often have lengthy asymptomatic latency periods before disability or disease becomes evident. The scientific information available from the earth sciences knowledge about earth materials and earth processes, the normal environment, or potential hazards is essential for the design and maintenance of livable environments and a fundamental component of public health.