A recent New York Times article recently discussed the proliferation of on-line journals and conferences, stating the number of both has exploded in recent years due to the growth of open access as a new scientific publishing business model.\n\nOpen access publishing, also known as OA, is the free, permanent online access to the full text of research articles. The cost of publication ((page charges) is met by the author, author-funding body, or author institution in what is known as the gold route. NGWA Groundwater and Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation are hybrid journals in that they are member-based journals that will publish open access content for a fee, just as the historical journals do while calling it \"page charges\", which are then passed on the user for a cost of $35-$45 per paper download.\n\nThe New York Times article stated as scientific publishing has shifted from a traditional business model for professional societies and organizations built almost entirely on subscription revenues to open access there are now more and more on-line journals that will print for a fee as page charges and do historical journals. Nonexperts doing online research will need to check the Editorial Board of these new on-line journals to distinguish legitimate journals from junk.