Water produced from the fresh-water plumes can be disposed of safely at the surface, whereas underground injection is used locally to dispose of highly saline water. Wells in areas with normal hydrostatic reservoir pressure tend to produce large volumes of water and can take up to four years to reach peak gas production. By contrast, wells drilled in underpressured areas distal to the fresh-water plumes typically produce little water and achieve peak gas rates during the first year of production. Environmental concerns have focused on the confinement of deep reservoir coal beds and shallow aquifers, and a broad range of hydrogeologic data demonstrates that bed-parallel flow in coal is predominant and that cross-formational flow is limited by thick intervals of marine shale.
Original working URL: https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_92395.htm
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