Vopson and Lepadatu reported in 2022 that one of the most powerful laws in physics is the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of any system remains constant or increases over time. In fact, the second law is applicable to the evolution of the entire universe and Clausius stated,
“The entropy of the universe tends to a maximum.”
Time evolution of the number of genetic mutations (bottom graph) and the entropy
of information bearing states, Sinf normalized to kb (top graph), of selected sequences
of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Covid-19 virus photo by Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
and imported from unsplash.com.
The authors examine the time evolution of information systems, defined as physical systems containing information states within Shannon’s information theory framework. The authors' observations allow the introduction of the second law of information dynamics (infodynamics). Using two different information systems, digital data storage and a biological RNA genome, they demonstrated that the second law of infodynamics requires the information entropy to remain constant or to decrease over time. This is exactly the opposite to the evolution of the physical entropy, as dictated by the second law of thermodynamics. The surprising result obtained here has massive implications for future developments in genomic research, evolutionary biology, computing, big data, physics, and cosmology.
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