Campbell reported in late 1974 that with the space age comes improved automation and telemetry equipment to assist rural water systems. Automation is the process or practice of utilizing a mechanical or electrical device to perform a simple, or series of simple, decision making or control functions. In many cases these functions have previously been performed manually, but not as efficiently as would be possible by automation.
Functions that can be automated in a rural water system include tank level recording, turning a pump on and off under preset conditions of pressure or water level, analyzing the chlorine residual in plant effluent, adjusting chlorine dosage to compensate for water quality changes, or actually operating a complete system from a distant location.
The most common reasons for automating control functions are as follows:
1) To reduce manpower requirements.
2) To reduce process costs by more precise control of operations,
3) To initiate an alarm or other appropriate programmed action in case of a system malfunction.
4) To have a continuous record of, and control over, a process regardless of time of day or weather conditions.
5) To allow several remote but interdependent operations to be observed, and controlled from a central location.
6) To analyze a situation against preset conditions and to react to system discrepancies in a faster, more precise, more accurate and more consistent manner.
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